Which zoning method requires property owners to apply for permission to deviate from existing zoning laws?

The correct choice is a variance, which is a specific zoning method that allows property owners to seek permission to deviate from existing zoning regulations. In scenarios where strict adherence to zoning laws would create undue hardship or not allow for reasonable use of the property, a property owner may apply for a variance.

This application process typically requires the owner to demonstrate that the request meets certain criteria, such as uniqueness of the property or that the variance would not negatively impact the surrounding area. If granted, a variance provides the property owner with the ability to use their property in a manner that diverges from the established zoning rules, such as different building setbacks or usage that wouldn’t otherwise be permitted.

In contrast, a special exception generally allows for a use that is already permitted within a zoning district, provided certain conditions are met, while a nonconforming use refers to existing properties that were legally established under previous zoning regulations but do not conform to current laws. A conditional use is similar to a special exception but often attached to more specific conditions or requirements outlined in the zoning ordinance.