Which economic indicator can affect real estate valuation?

All of the indicated economic indicators play significant roles in influencing real estate valuation.

The number of new construction permits reflects the level of activity in the housing market and can indicate future supply levels. An increase in permits usually suggests a healthy demand for housing and can lead to expectations of higher property values in the area.

Unemployment rates are critical as they directly impact consumer confidence and purchasing power. High unemployment can lead to decreased demand for homes, as fewer people can afford to buy. Conversely, lower unemployment typically increases demand, which can drive home values upward.

Interest rate trends are crucial in determining the cost of borrowing money and, thus, the affordability of buying a home. When interest rates are low, borrowing becomes cheaper, encouraging more buyers to enter the market, which can increase property values. Higher interest rates can have the opposite effect, reducing demand and potentially leading to lower valuations.

Therefore, since each of these economic indicators can distinctly affect real estate valuation, the correct answer encompasses all of them.